Invasive mile-a-minute weed found in Vermont! This fast-growing annual vine threatens ecosystems; report sightings for control.
Mile-a-Minute Weed: Vermont’s New Invasive Species to Watch
Chittenden County, VT – The recent discovery of the mile-a-minute weed (Persicaria perfoliata) in Chittenden County has raised alarms among environmentalists, agriculturists, and natural resource managers. This annual vine, known for its rapid growth and aggressive spreading, this invasive plant poses a significant threat to native ecosystems and agricultural landscapes. So far, mile-a-minute weed has been identified only in a single location within Chittenden County. It’s still unclear if there are other instances in Vermont.
Origin and Introduction to the U.S.
Originally from India and Eastern Asia, the mile-a-minute weed first appeared in the U.S. in York County, Pennsylvania, in the 1930s, likely introduced accidentally with contaminated holly seed. It has since spread alarmingly, establishing itself in Maine, Southern New England, the Mid-Atlantic, and Mid-West, and even reaching as far as Oregon and British Columbia. This rapid expansion underscores the plant’s adaptability and the severity of its invasive potential.
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Names and Characteristics
Credit: Photo by Britt Slattery; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Bugwood.org
Mile-a-minute weed (or vine), also known as devil’s tail, tearthumb, and Asiatic tearthumb, is an aptly named plant due to its incredibly fast growth rate. This vine can grow as much as six inches a day and is recognizable by its triangular leaves, barbed stems, and distinctive circular leaf-like structures (ocrea) that encircle the stem at the base of each leaf. During the summer, it produces small, inconspicuous white flowers, followed by blueberry-like fruits in the fall.
Environmental and Economic Impact
Mile-a-minute weed poses serious threats to natural habitats, forests, and agricultural lands. It can smother young trees and native vegetation, hinder forest regeneration, reduce biodiversity, and impact crop yields. The dense mats formed by this vine can block sunlight and restrict the growth of understory plants, significantly altering ecosystem dynamics.
Seed Dispersal and Growth of Mile-a-Minute Weed
The seeds of the mile-a-minute weed are chiefly dispersed by water, aiding its rapid expansion across new territories. Additionally, birds, mammals, and human activities contribute to its spread. This aggressive plant not only grows at an astonishing rate – up to six inches a day – but also produces a significant number of seeds. Such prolific seeding, combined with its fast vegetative growth, marks it as a notably challenging invader in ecosystems it colonizes.
Strategies for Controlling Mile-a-Minute Weed
Controlling the spread of the mile-a-minute weed requires a holistic approach, incorporating mechanical, chemical, and biological tactics. Mechanical control is vital, especially through regular mowing and hand pulling before the plants can set seeds. The application of specific herbicides represents an effective chemical strategy, though it must be executed carefully to avoid impacting surrounding native flora. On the biological front, the mile-a-minute weevil (Rhinoncomimus latipes) offers a natural solution for managing this invasive weed
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Survival and Spread in Vermont’s Climate
The presence of the mile-a-minute weed in Vermont is of significant concern. Given its partial cold tolerance, the plant may endure Vermont’s frigid winter conditions. The potential for further spread throughout the state is high, especially in areas prone to disturbance, along riverbanks, and in sunlit open spaces. While frost can kill mature plants, their seeds demonstrate remarkable perseverance by enduring the winter. These seeds sprout primarily between early April and July, emphasizing the need for consistent and varied control measures to effectively tackle this invasive threat.
Risk Assessment for Vermont
The arrival of the mile-a-minute weed in Vermont poses a high risk to its ecosystems and agricultural lands. The state’s abundant natural resources and diverse landscapes are at risk if this invasive species is not controlled effectively. Swift action and ongoing surveillance are crucial to prevent its spread.
Reporting Sightings
If you suspect you have seen mile-a-minute weed in Vermont, it’s important to report it immediately. Accurate identification and rapid reporting can significantly aid in controlling its spread. Sightings should be reported to the Vermont Department of Forests, Parks and Recreation by emailing anr.fprinvasiveplants@vermont.org. Photographs and detailed location information should accompany the report to aid in identification and prompt action.
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Conclusion
The discovery of the mile-a-minute weed in Chittenden County, Vermont, is a call to action for residents, landowners, and environmentalists. Through awareness, early detection, and combined control efforts, the spread of this invasive plant can be curbed, protecting Vermont’s diverse and rich natural heritage.
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Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, UGA5273091, Bugwood.org
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